Which of the following is not a critical phase of flight?

• A. Takeoff
• B. Landing
• C. Cruise
• D. Descent

Answer: (C)

In aviation, critical phases of flight are defined as periods during which the aircraft is particularly vulnerable to accidents or incidents, and during which pilots are expected to be deeply focused on their tasks. Takeoff and landing are universally recognized as critical phases due to the higher levels of risk involved during these operations, as they occur at lower altitudes and speeds where recovery from an error is more challenging. Descent can also be considered critical, particularly as the aircraft approaches landing and transitions through air traffic and weather changes.

Cruise flight, on the other hand, is characterized by stable operating conditions at a consistent altitude and speed. While pilots must remain vigilant and monitor systems, the level of risk does not compare to the phases of takeoff, landing, or descent. It is generally a phase where routine surveillance of flight instruments and navigation is performed and where significant decision-making is less intensive compared to other phases of flight. Thus, identifying cruise as not a critical phase emphasizes the different levels of risk and focus associated with various parts of the flight regimen.